4/20/2024 0 Comments Density of water vapor![]() ![]() Therefore, it would take 100 calories to heat water from 0˚, the freezing point of water, to 100˚C, the boiling point. This gives water some structure, but allows the molecules to slide over each other easily, making it a liquid.Ī calorie is the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 g of pure water 1 degree C at sea level. At the temperature range of seawater, the weak hydrogen bonds are constantly being broken and re-formed. In solution, the weak positively charged side of one water molecule will be attracted to the weak negatively charged side of another water molecule and the two molecules will be held together by a weak "hydrogen bond," and so on. Water is an example of a polar solvent, capable of dissolving most other compounds. For this reason, a water molecule is called a "dipolar" molecule. Meanwhile on the other side of the molecule, the electrons of the oxygen atom give that end of the molecule a weak negative change. 1) so that the positively charged nuclei of the hydrogen atoms are left slightly exposed, so to speak, leaving that end of the water molecule with a weak positive charge. However, the two hydrogen atoms are both on the same side of the oxygen atom with an angle of about 105 degrees between them (see Fig. Each hydrogen atom thinks it has two electrons, and the oxygen atom thinks that it has eight outer electrons. So, oxygen shares one of its outer electrons with each of two hydrogen atoms, and each hydrogen atom shares its one and only electron with oxygen. They can get out of this predicament if they agree to share electrons (a sort of an energy "treaty"?). Hydrogen and oxygen would like to have stable electron configurations but do not as individual atoms. Eight protons, eight neutrons: oxygen has an atomic weight of 16. The eight protons in the nucleus are matched by eight neutrons. ![]() Eight protons and eight electrons: oxygen has an atomic number of eight. To balance the negative charge of eight (2+6) electrons, the oxygen nucleus has eight protons. The outer ring, on the other hand, has six electrons but it would like to have two more because in the second electron ring, eight electrons make the stable configuration. Oxygen, on the other hand, has an inner electron ring with two electrons, which is cool because that is a stable configuration. The electron ring of hydrogen would like to possess two electrons to create a stable configuration. One proton, one neutron: hydrogen has an atomic weight of two. In the hydrogen nucleus is also one neutron no charge but the weight of one proton. One electron and one proton: hydrogen has an atomic number of one. The negative charge of the electron is balanced by the positive charge of the one proton in the nucleus. Now, the one and only electron ring around each hydrogen atom has only one electron. ![]() \)Ī molecule of water is composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. ![]()
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